![]() ![]() Joining the small army for honor’s sake, Ertogul’s band helped defeat the larger army, which turned out to be Mongols. On the way, his Turkoman warriors happened across a battle in which a large army was destroying a much smaller force. Suleyman’s son, Ertogul, is said to have led his men west. According to tradition, Suleyman (also spelled Suleiman) drowned crossing the Euphrates River. Turkish lore has it that Osman’s grandfather, Suleyman Sah, escaped from the Mongol invasion of Iran around 1200. Very little of the early history of Osman’s clan can be historically verified, though it is vividly remembered in folktale. The northwest corner of Anatolia was dominated by a beylik, which came to be known as the Osmanli after its most famous chieftain, Osman. However, they fell to the Mongols in 1243 this created a power vacuum and triggered a wave of Turkish refugees into Anatolia. ![]() The Seljuks also controlled far-flung lands, having conquered Persia, Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. The Byzantines, ruling a vast empire from Constantinople, often neglected their Anatolian provinces. These restless Anatolia Turkoman beyliks (principalities) were kept in check by the Greek Byzantine Empire to the west and the Turkish Seljuk Empire to the east.īy the fourteenth century, those checks had begun to erode. Many of these groups settled into Anatolia (a region roughly equivalent to modern-day Turkey). His TimesĪs Genghis Khan ravaged the Middle East in the twelfth century, Islamic nomadic family groups migrated into central Asia. 1258–1326) established the foundations for a new empire, giving birth to one of the longest-lasting dynasties in world history. In the early fourteenth century, as the great Eurasian empires declined, a nomadic Turkoman chieftain named Osman (c. Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire (Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries) Major Figures Osman
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